What Happened in 929

Abd-ar-Rahman III declares himself Caliph of Cordoba

Rulers of the Emirate were content to use the title emir or sultan until the 10th century, when Abd-ar-Rahman III was faced with the threat of... Read more

Quarmatians sack Mecca, carry the Black Stone away from the Ka'aba

Sources, including the 2007 Britannica, state that the damage to the Black Stone occurred as the result of a theft in 930 CE, when Qarmatian... Read more