Spain Timeline

1018 Abd ar-Rahman IV becomes Caliph of Cordoba
Abd ar-Rahman IV Mortada (عبدالرحمن) was the Caliph of Cordoba in the Umayyad dynasty of the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia), succeeding Suleiman II, in 1018. That same year, he was murdered ...
1031 The Caliphate of Cordoba ends
The death of al-Hakam II in 976 marked the beginning of the end of the Caliphate of Córdoba. Before his death, al-Hakam named his 14 year old son Hisham II (976–1008) as successor. Seeing...
1212 Jul 16 Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, end of the Almohad rule in Spain
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain. The forces of King Alfonso VIII of...
1547 Sep 29 Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra is Born
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra 29 September 1547 – 23 April 1616) was a Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright. His magnum opus Don Quixote, often considered the first modern novel, is a cl...
1571 Oct 7 Battle of Lepanto (1571)
The Battle of Lepanto (Greek: Ναύπακτος, Naupaktos, pron. Náfpaktos; colloquial Greek: Έπαχτος, Épahtos; Turkish: İnebahtı) took place on 7 October 1571 when a galley fleet of the Holy Le...
1605 'Don Quixote' is Published
The heroism of Don Quixote is by no means constant: he is perfectly capable of flight, abandoning poor Sancho to be beaten up by an entire village. Cervantes, a hero at Lepanto, wants Don...
1635 May 20 Battle of Les Avins
The Battle of Les Avins or Battle of Avein was fought on May 20, 1635 during the Thirty Years' War between a French and a Spanish army. The battle was fought in the Belgian village of ...
1640 May 22
to 1640 Sep 20
 The Siege of Turin
The 1640 siege of Turin was a major action in two distinct wars: the Franco-Spanish War (1635) and the Piedmontese Civil War. Thomas of Savoy and his supporters had seized the city of Tur...
1642 May 26 Battle of Honnecourt
In spring 1642, cardinal Richelieu concentrated his forces to besiege the city of Perpignan in the province of Roussillon, leaving the rest of his armies in a defensive position. In Fland...
1648 May 15
to 1648 Oct 24
 The Peace of Westphalia is Achieved through the Treaties of Osnabrück and Münster
The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24, 1648, respectively, and written in French, that ended both the Thi...
1648 Aug 20 Battle of Lens
The Battle of Lens (20 August 1648) was a French victory under Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé against the Spanish army under Archduke Leopold in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). I...
1654 Aug 25 Battle of Arras
The Battle of Arras, fought on August 25, 1654, was a victory of a French army under Turenne against a Spanish army commanded by Don Fernidand de Salis and Condé. Cyrano de Bergerac, w...
1656 Jul 16 Battle of Valenciennes
With a little further sacrifice of pride on the part of Spain peace might, perhaps, have been made after the deaths of Louis XIII and Richelieu had placed Anne of Austria in power as Rege...
1659 Nov 7 Treaty of the Pyrenees
The Treaty of the Pyrenees is the last major diplomatic achievement by Cardinal Mazarin. Combined with the Peace of Westphalia, it allowed Louis XIV remarkable stability and diplomatic ad...
1680 Aug 21 Pueblo Indians Capture Santa Fe from the Spanish
The Spaniards were to report later that they fought 2,500 Pueblo warriors. Lacking firepower, the warriors blocked the stream coming into Casa Reales. Soon the Spaniards began to lose the...
1697 Sep 20 Signing of the Treaty of Ryswick
The Treaty of Ryswick or Ryswyck was signed on 20 September 1697 and named after Ryswick (now known as Rijswijk) in the Dutch Republic. The treaty settled the Nine Years' War, which pitte...
1779 Jun 24
to 1783 Feb 7
 Great Siege of Gibraltar
Eventually on 13 September 1782 the Bourbon allies launched their great attack; the number involved nearly 70,000 fighting men both French and Spanish. On land an army of 40,000 which con...
1780 May 25 Battle of St. Louis
The British arrived on May 26 and savagely handled a group of farmers and slaves on the outskirts of town before rushing into the deadly volleys from the entrenched defenders. The militia...
1781 Jan 7 Battle of Mobile
The British garrison nearest to Mobile was in West Florida's capital, Pensacola. The commander, General John Campbell, had under his command about 500 men, composed mostly of men from the...
1781 Mar 9
to 1781 May 8
 Battle of Pensacola
On April 28, siege operations finally got underway. By May 1 they had emplaced a battery of cannons overlooking the Queen's Redoubt, and begun digging trenches toward an even more advanta...
1781 Aug 19
to 1782 Feb 5
 Invasion of Minorca
Work soon began on gun emplacements to besiege St. Philip's Castle, the most important being at La Mola, on the opposite side of the harbor mouth, and at Binisaida, near Georgetown. The B...
1782 Mar 16 Battle of Roatán
The Battle of Roatán was an American Revolutionary War battle fought on March 16, 1782, between British and Spanish forces for control of Roatán, an island off the Caribbean coast of pres...
1782 Oct 20 Battle of Cape Spartel
There was a tempest on 10 October, and some of the Franco-Spanish ships, which were anchored off Algeciras, were damaged, although none were sunk. Howe's fleet, escorting a Gibraltar-boun...
1792
to 1802
French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts, from 1792 until 1802, fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states. Marked by French revo...
1793
to 1797
First Coalition
The First Coalition (1793–1797) was the first major concerted effort of multiple European powers to contain Revolutionary France. It took shape after the French Revolutionary Wars had alr...
1795 Apr 5
to 1795 Aug 28
 Peace of Basel
The Peace of Basel of 1795 consists of three peace treaties involving France (represented by François de Barthélemy). France made peace with Prussia (represented by Karl August von Harden...
1795 Oct 27 Pinckney's Treaty Is Signed
The city of New Orleans controlled the Mississippi River through its location; other locations for ports had been tried and had not succeeded. New Orleans was already important for shippi...
1803 Nov 30 Louisiana Is Transferred From Spanish Control To French Control
The city of New Orleans controlled the Mississippi River through its location; other locations for ports had been tried and had not succeeded. New Orleans was already important for shippi...
1805 Oct 21 Battle of Trafalgar
The Battle of Trafalgar was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French Navy and Spanish Navy, during the War of the Third Coalition (Aug...
1821 Aug 24 Treaty of Córdoba is Signed, Establishing Mexico's Independence from Spain
In early 1821, Agustín de Iturbide, the leader of the Royalist forces, negotiated the Plan of Iguala with Vicente Guerrero. Under the plan, Mexico would be established as an independent c...
1893 Nov 3 Explosion of the Steamship Cabo Machichaco
As we bave been informed by cable, a disaster unparalleled in modern times occurred at Santander (Old Castilo) on the afternoon of 3rd November. A Spanish steamer, the Cabo Machichaco, ca...
1898 Feb 15 USS Maine Explodes off the Coast of Havana
The Maine spent her active career operating along the East Coast of the United States and the Caribbean. In January 1898, the Maine was sent from Key West, Florida, to Havana, Cuba, to pr...
1898 May 1 Battle of Manila Bay
The Battle of Manila Bay took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish-American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged the Spanish Pacific Squadron under A...
1898 May 10 Battle of San Juan
The Battle of San Juan, not to be confused with the Battle of San Juan Hill, refers to an American naval attack on the fortifications of San Juan, Puerto Rico during the Spanish-American ...
1898 Jun 6 United States Launches First Attack in the Invasion of Guantanamo Bay
The 1898 Battle of Guantánamo Bay happened June 6–June 10, 1898, during the Spanish-American War, when American and Cuban forces invaded the strategically and commercially important area ...
1898 Jun 20
to 1898 Jun 21
 United States Captures Guam from Kingdom of Spain During the Spanish-American War
The Capture of Guam was a bloodless event between the United States and the Kingdom of Spain during the Spanish-American War. The United States Navy sent a single cruiser, the USS Charles...
1898 Jun 24 Battle of Las Guasimas
The Battle of Las Guasimas of June 24, 1898, part of the Spanish-American War, unfolded from Major General "Fighting Joe" Wheeler's attempt to storm a Spanish position in the jungles surr...
1898 Jul 1 Battle of San Juan Hill
The Battle of San Juan Hill (July 1, 1898) was the bloodiest and most famous battle of the Spanish–American War. It was also one of the greatest victories for the Rough Riders. At San ...
1898 Jul 25 American Forces Land in Guanica, Puerto Rico
The Spanish forces expected the Americans to attack the northern region of the island and concentrated their defenses around San Juan and Arecibo. The Spanish government was also aware of...
1898 Jul 26 Battle of Yauco
After Rivera, the keeper of the Guánica lighthouse, notified Atilio Gaztambide, the mayor of the town of Yauco, located six miles (10 km) north of Guánica, of the American invasion of Gua...
1898 Aug 1
to 1898 Aug 5
 Battle of Fajardo
On August 1, the USS Puritan under the command of Captain Frederic W. Rodgers, was sailing by the coastline of the city of Fajardo, when Rogers noticed the "Faro de Las Cabezas de San Jua...
1898 Aug 5 Battle of Guayama
After the town of Yauco was taken, Major General Nelson A. Miles decided to attack the City of Ponce by sea and by land. General Garretson's 6th Illinois and 6th Massachusetts had returne...
1898 Aug 6
to 1898 Aug 9
 Battle of Guamani River Bridge
On August 6, Colonel Coit sent two companies of the 4th Ohio on a reconnaissance mission across and beyond a cast iron bridge that crossed the Río Guanamí (Guamani River). The road beyond...
1898 Aug 9 Battle of Coamo
Shortly after the American soldiers disembarked, a group of Spanish and Puerto Rican units began moving from Ponce to Aibonito, marching through the Carretera Central (Central Highway). T...
1898 Aug 10 Battle of Silva Heights
Brigadier General Theodore Schwan and 2,896 men of his Independent Brigade had landed in Guanica and marched towards occupied Yauco. Schwan and his men were ordered to move westward and t...
1898 Aug 12 Battle of Asomante
The American cavalry pursued the soldiers that had retreated from Coamo, but were not able to reach them until the units had entered Aibonito Pass, a region more commonly known as Asomant...
1898 Dec 10 Treaty of Paris is Signed, Ending the Spanish-American War
American and Spanish delegates met in Paris on October 1, 1898 to produce a treaty that would bring an end to the war after six months of hostilities. The American commission consisted of...
1924 Jun 26 The Dominican Republic Achieves Independence From Spain
The Dominican Republic achieved independence from Spain in 1844. American occupation of the island nation began in 1916, following years of political intervention in the republic. U.S. tr...
1929 The German Pavilion for the International Exposition in Barcelona is Completed
The Barcelona Pavilion, designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, was the German Pavilion for the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona, Spain. This building was used for the official op...
1932 Sep 23 'Death In The Afternoon' Is Published
Death in the Afternoon (1932) marked a departure from the fiction-writing career of Ernest Hemingway. A study of the Spanish bullfight, the book grew out of the author's keen interest in ...