Islam Events

571 Apr 22 Muhammad (al-Amin) Muttalib born to Abdullah and Amina
On the morning of Monday, April 22, 571 A.D., a grandson was born to Abdul Muttalib, who named him Muhammad (the extolled one). He gave a banquet in honour of his grandson to which he inv...
610 Muhammah receives first vision in Hira cave near Mecca
For years after his marriage, Muhammad would frequently take a provision of dates and oatmeal for food and retire for days into a cave he had found at the top of a cone-shaped mountain, c...
613 Muhammad begins spreading message of Islam publicly
After several similar experiences of revelation, Muhammad finally began to reveal the messages he was receiving to his tribe. These were gathered verse by verse and later would become the...
617
to 619
Meccan boycott of the Hashemites
According to tradition, in 617 the leaders of Makhzum and Banu Abd-Shams, two important clans of Quraysh, declared a public boycott against the clan of Banu Hashim, their commercial rival...
619 The Year of Grief: Abu Talib and Khadija die
In the year 619 A.D., not long after annulment of the social boycott, Muhammad suffered a great loss of Abu Talib and Khadija, who followed each other to meet their deaths within a short ...
620 Muhammad visits Ta'if
Initially the preaching of Islam by Muhammad had been confined to Mecca, and his success was rather modest, limited to 170 men and women in the city during a ten year period. However, in ...
621 Night Journey, Isra and Mi'raj: the "Ascension to the heavens"
In Islamic tradition, the Night Journey, Isra and Mi'raj (Arabic: الإسراء والمعراج‎, al-’Isrā’ wal-Mi‘rāğ), are the two parts of a journey that the Islamic prophet Muhammad took in one ni...
622 Muhammad and the Muslim flee to Medina
The Hijra (هِجْرَة) is the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina in 622 In September 622, warned of a plot to assassinate him, Muhammad secr...
625 Battle of Badr - Muslims Attack Meccan Caravans
Muhammad had hardly breathed a sigh of relief in Medina when he was confronted with the series of military expeditions against the fronts of the heathen Meccans. Attack was apprehended ev...
625 Muslims are defeated by Meccans at Uhud.
It was the morning of Saturday, 7th Shawal, 3/March 23, 625 - exactly a year and a week after the battle of Badr. The Meccans again made first inroad and once again the rout began a good ...
627 Feb The Massacre of the Banu Qurayza
After the Muslims had repelled the Pagans at the Battle of the Trench, Muhammad turned on the Jewish tribe of Medina known as the Banu Qurayza. The Banu Qurayza had planned to defect to...
629 The Mauta Expedition
When Muhammad summoned the nations the message of Islam, one of his letters was addressed to the governor of Ghassan, Shurahbil bin Amr, who was the ruler of this region and was the vassa...
629 Jul Battle of Khaibar
In 7/629, about six weeks after Muhammad's party returned from Hudaibia, they learnt that the Jews in Khaibar were planning to make an inroad on Medina. To forestall these moves, the Musl...
630 The Muslims capture Mecca
By now, the balance of power had shifted radically away from once-powerful Mecca, toward Muhammad and the Muslims. In January, 630, they marched on Mecca and were joined by tribe after t...
630 Jan Destruction of the Al-Uzza Temple
Muhammad sent Khalid to destroy the temple of Al-Uzza at Nakhla. According to Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi, Khalid ransacked the temple, cut down the sacred trees and killed two people there: Duba...
630 Jan 27 The Battle of Hunain
After the conquest of Mecca, the Muslims stayed in the city for two weeks when a news soon broke out that a big army had been mobilized in the valley of Hunain to attack Mecca and to undo...
630 Mar The Siege of Taif
The Banu Thaqif lived at the city of Taif just to the South of Mecca. They worshipped the Goddess Allat and had a great bejeweled statue of her. The Goddess of Allat had been worshipped i...
630 Oct Tabuk Expedition
With the conquest of Mecca, Islam marched with galloping speed throughout the length and breath of Arabia. The neighbouring Christian states, especially the Roman empire, were watching th...
631 Destruction of the Southern Kaaba at Dhul-Khalasah
Narrated Jarir: In the Pre-lslamic Period of Ignorance there was a house called Dhu-l-Khalasa or Al-Ka'ba Al-Yamaniya or Al-Ka'ba Ash-Shamiya. The Prophet said to me, "Won't you relie...
632 Mar 16 Muhammad names a successor on his farewell pilgrimage
When peace and order had been restored throughout the Muslim realm and the period of warfare was over and the people joined Islam in multitude, till in the course of some two years, there...
637 Apr Battle of Jalula
Battle of Jalula was fought between Sassanid Empire and Rashidun Caliphate soon after conquest of Ctesiphon. After the capturing Ctesiphon, several detachments were immediately sent to we...
639 Plague of Emmaus
The Plague of Emmaus (طاعون عمواس in Arabic, ţā`ûn 'amwās transliterated), also known as the Plague of Amwas, was an outbreak of plague, possibly bubonic plague, that occurred in 639 AD (...
642 Battle of Nahavand
The Battle of Nahāvand (also Nihāvand or Nahāwand) (Arabic:معركة نهاوند) Battle of Nahāwand was fought in 642 between Arab Muslims and Sassanid armies. The battle is known to Muslims, as ...
656 Ali becomes the fourth caliph
Accordingly, Abu Bakr was elected at the age of 60 years, adopting the title of khilafat rasulillah (Vicegerent of the Messenger of God), a title which was soon simplified to khalifa (whe...
656
to 661
The First Fitna
The First Islamic Civil War (656–661), also called the First Fitna (Arabic: فتنة مقتل عثمان; Transliteration: Fitnat Maqtal Uthmān "The Fitna of the killing of Uthman"), was the first maj...
656 Uthman, Third Righteous Caliph, is killed by rebels
The Third Righteous Caliph, Uthman, was killed at the end of a Siege. When the rebels besieged the house of Uthman, the siege was not severe at the early stage. The rebels merely hovered ...
657 Ali makes Kufa his new capital
Ali's stay in Basra was not long. Having appointed Abdullah bin Abbas as the governor, Ali repaired to Kufa in 36/657 and made it the seat of his government and the capital. The word kufa...
657 Battle of Siffin-Mu'awiya, governor of Syria, claims the caliphate
In Syria, disorder and incitement to commotion continued unabated. Uthman's shirt, besmeared with his blood and the chopped-off fingers of his wife, Naila, were exhibited from the pulpit....
659 Arbitration at Adruh - Mu'awiya opposes Ali
It was decided that the Syrians and the residents of Kufa should nominate an arbitrator each to decide between Ali and Muawiya. The Syrians choice fell on Amr bin al-A'as who was the rati...
661
to 750
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate (Arabic: بنو أمية‎, Banu Umayyah) was the second of the four Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose n...
669 Hasan ibn Ali, second imam of the Shi'ites, is poisoned and killed
Muawiyah wished to pass the caliphate to his own son Yazid ibn Muawiyah, and saw Hasan ibn Ali as an obstacle to his plans. And thus Muawiyah plotted to kill Hasan ibn Ali. He secretly co...
680
to 685
The Second Fitna
The Second Fitna, or Second Islamic Civil War, was a period of general political and military disorder that afflicted the Islamic world during the early Umayyad dynasty, following the dea...
680 Oct 10 Battle of Karbala
The Battle of Karbala took place on Muharram 10, in the year 61 of the Islamic calendar (October 9 or 10, 680) in Karbala, in present day Iraq. On one side were supporters and relatives o...
717
to 718
Second Arab siege of Constantinople
The Second Arab Siege of Constantinople (717-718) was a combined land and sea effort by the Arabs to take the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople. The Arab ground forces,...
732 Oct 10 The Battle of Tours (Poitiers)
The Battle of Tours (October 10, 732), also called the Battle of Poitiers and in Arabic: معركة بلاط الشهداء‎ (ma‘arakat Balâṭ ash-Shuhadâ’) Battle of Court of The Martyrs, was fought in a...
740 The Battle of the Nobles
The Battle of the Nobles (Arabic: غزوة الأشراف‎, Ghazwat al-Ashraf) was a decisive confrontation in the Berber Revolt in c. 740 CE. It resulted in a major Berber victory over the Arabs ne...
750
to 1258
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate (Arabic: العبّاسيّون‎, al-‘Abbāsīyūn) was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their ...
750 Jan 25 Battle of the Zab
The Battle of the Zab took place on the banks of the Great Zab river in what is now Iraq on January 25, 750. It spelled the end of the Umayyad Caliphate and the rise of the Abbasids, a dy...
751 May
to 751 Sep
The Battle of Talas
The Battle of Talas(怛羅斯會戰) in 751 AD was a conflict between the Arab Abbasid Caliphate and the Chinese Tang Dynasty for control of the Syr Darya. On July 751, The Abbasides started a mass...
762 Jul 30 Foundation of Baghdad
Founded on 30 July 762 by the Abbasid dynasty, at the request of the caliph al-Mansur. The goal was to replace Harran as the seat of the caliphal government; however, a city of Baghdad is...
842 Muslims capture the city of Messina
After the fall of the Roman Empire, the city was successively conquered by the Goths, then by the Byzantine Empire in 535, by the Arabs in 842, and in 1061 by the Norman brothers Robert G...
858
to 922
Mansur al-Hallaj is born
Mansur al-Hallaj (Persian: منصور حلاج - Mansūr-e Hallāj; Arabic: منصور الحلاج‎ - Mansūr al-Hallāj; full name Abū al-Mughīth Husayn Mansūr al-Hallāj) (c. 858 - March 26, 922) (Hijri c. 244...
929 Abd-ar-Rahman III declares himself Caliph of Cordoba
Rulers of the Emirate were content to use the title emir or sultan until the 10th century, when Abd-ar-Rahman III was faced with the threat of invasion by the Fatimids, a rival Islamic em...
929 Quarmatians sack Mecca, carry the Black Stone away from the Ka'aba
Sources, including the 2007 Britannica, state that the damage to the Black Stone occurred as the result of a theft in 930 CE, when Qarmatian warriors sacked Mecca and carried the Black St...
969 The Fatimids conquer Egypt
In 969 the Fatimid general Jawhar as-Siqilli was placed at the head of an army said to number 100,000 men and attempted to seize Egypt. He had little difficulty defeating the Egyptian arm...
972 Buluggin ibn Ziri founds the rule of the Zirids Algeria
When the Fatimids moved their base to Egypt in 972, Ziri's son Buluggin ibn Ziri (971-984) was appointed viceroy of Ifriqiya. The removal of the fleet to Egypt made the retention of Kalbi...
976 Hisham II acends to Caliph of Cordoba
Hisham II ('ھشام) was the third Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. He ruled 976-1009, and 1010-1013 in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia). Hisham II succeeded his father Al-Hakam ...
1001 Mahmud of Ghaznavid defeats the Hindu Shahis
Mahmud's first campaign to the south was against the Ismaili Fatimid Kingdom at Multan in a bid to curry political favor and recognition with the Abbassid Caliphate engaged with the Fatim...
1018 Abd ar-Rahman IV becomes Caliph of Cordoba
Abd ar-Rahman IV Mortada (عبدالرحمن) was the Caliph of Cordoba in the Umayyad dynasty of the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia), succeeding Suleiman II, in 1018. That same year, he was murdered ...
1019 Conquest of Punjab by Mahmud of Ghaznavid
In 977 AD, the Turkic ruler Sabuktigin acceded to the throne of the small kingdom of Ghazni in central Afghanistan. In the 980s, Subuktigin defeated the Shahis, extending his rule from th...